Kant tried to formulate a theory that reconciled the rationalist philosophers i.e. those who believed that all our ideas are innate and the empiricists who held that all our knowledge is derived from the senses. Kant came up with a complex theory of knowledge which seems to be a compromise between the two positions. Although his theory doesn't depend on innate ideas he does believe that the human mind is 'made' in such a way that it forms 12 categories. The human mind is 'made' to perceive and categorise the external world in certain ways.
Besides epistemology, this book also examines his ideas on metaphysics, ethics and aesthetics.
Kant had a deontological theory of ethics and he came up with the categorical imperative. ... Read More:
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If you are studying any politics related subject I highly recommend this book. It seems to cover simply everything you will. It was incredibly valuable during my degree and masters study. The issues it covers are presented clearly and concisely so a previously indecipherable topic can suddenly appear crystal clear. It really is superb. It is also very useful for Philosophy students and to a lesser degree Economics.
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In his book Culture Counts, Roger Scruton's simple reply to, what benefits an ordinary child gets from high culture: 'It may not benefit the child - not yet, at least. But it will benefit culture. And because culture is a form of knowledge, it is the business of the teacher to look for the pupil who will pass it on.'
In my view it is the business of the teacher to teach, looking for 'the pupil' at the expense of all others seems a little unfair. Who knows what the others could have come up with whilst studying something else. I strongly believe the pupil who could recognize the baton will find the teacher. We just need to make sure every pupil is aware of what is accessible.
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The author starts by giving a definition of the concept of culture and states his intention to pursue an "archaeological" method in studying his subject. He then discusses the difference between cult and culture in which he sees religion as the guarantee of social knowledge and asserts that there can be no scientific culture because culture addresses the question of what we feel. Mr Scruton then proceeds by defining the Romantic movement in art and literature and linking it to the decline of Christian faith and the Enlightenment, the aesthetic thus replacing the religious. And so art and literature ceased to be recreation and became studies. Since the aesthetic is the realm of value, the question of taste arises. He underlines the importance of fiction ... Read More:
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Roger Scruton is obviouslya philsopher in how he writes and clearly argues and catergaries and structures us through each chapter whether it is tonality or other fundamentals of what music is with great examples from all the great composers he also has a real passion for music. The last chapter itself on the Culture and Sociology of Muisc was alsi written with great insight. This is abook that would suit philosophers who like classical music or music students who need to get a bit more philosophical about music itself. I real delight, very well written, erudite and also I would have to agreee with other reviewers very clearly written as you would expect from a philosopher and someone who knows their music. I researched along while to see which one book ... Read More:
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Scruton calmly asserts that T.S. Eliot was "indisputably the greatest poet writing in English in the twentieth century." His political philosophy is full of similarly vague, extreme and unsupported assumptions that he expects the reader to accept as a matter of course. For the most part these assumptions are phenomenological (phenomenology being a description of experience) and in many cases it is hard, if not impossible, to agree with, acknowledge, or even to be sympathetic towards those phenomenological accounts.
There also seem to be various contradictions in Scruton's beliefs and 'conclusions' throughout the book: He asserts vigourously that marriage is meaningful because it is a spiritual bond that is not merely founded on raw animalistic ... Read More:
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The Jewish scholar Baruch (Benedict) de Spinoza (1632-77) lived in the Netherlands at a time when science, politics, religion, and philosophy were all in ferment. One of the last great philosophical 'system builders', he eagerly entered the fray, corresponding with and influencing the top minds of his day. A philosophical scholar whose manual trade was lens grinding, and whose chief passion was extending and completing the philosophical system of Descartes, he survived some real physical dangers, mostly caused by his rather heretical and revolutionary writings. His thought continues to influence modern scientists, as diverse as Albert Einstein (who famously believed in "Spinoza's God") and Sir Harry Kroto, a current British Nobel Laureate in chemistry. Spinoza ... Read More:
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I have to agree with the previous reviewer. Whilst this is a fantastic overview of modern philosophy, erudite and lucid, it is severely limited by Scruton's well documented conservative political inclinations. His dismissal of Marx and complete omission of other, left wing, significant twentieth century thinkers limits this otherwise superb effort. It could, i suppose, be argued persuasively that this is simply a right leaning introduction and a welcome contribution to a field dominated by leftist readers and introductions. It could be argued that this re-balances an otherwise heavily bias area. All this could be convincingly argued, but not by me; I like Marx and am still fascinated by Foucault. Buy with reservations.
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Scruton is not a reactionary; do not be put off by his columms which often suggest outraged sentimentality: the worst kind. The IRA thrive on that diet. The book is well researched; the prose is never stodgy; the arguments and summaries never make you feel uncomfortable; and the impulses behind the writing of 'England' are never mean spirited. Scruton deplores jingoism. He derides the same type of verse and prose which Wilfred Owen vilified in 'Dulce et decorum est'. Henry Newbolt for example comes in for some incendiary commentary. Scruton celebrates the inventiveness; the quirkiness; the randomness; the intellectual acuity; the bovine stubborness; the bravery; the foolishness of Englishness. The lament to institutions is particularly telling. ... Read More:
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The _music_ has "touched the hearts of many" but I suspect the book won't - even if we allow that it should. I think it will be one of the most interesting and original books published this year, but I don't foresee big sales for it, because it caters to a minority interest.
Few people could have written this. This short but packed book gives evidence of such a wide command of so many different areas. Few of us could even muster such a wide reading background in musicology, literature, philosophy, anthropology, comparative religion, and sociology - let alone be as at home with the matter. The professor seems equally so with Schoenberg and with Durkheim; I'm inclined to believe he could read _Finnegan's Wake_ with the facility with which I'd tackle _Peter ... Read More:
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